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Energy policy of the Federal republic of Germany towards the Russian Federation during the Angela Merkel era
Kavan, Vilém ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on German energy policy towards the Russian federation during Angela Merkel's leadership as Chancellor of Germany (2005-2021). The primary focus is the import of Russian natural gas to Germany and related projects such as Nord Stream and Nord Stream II. The aim of this thesis is to answer the research question of whether the energy interests of the Federal Republic of Germany have led to an increase in its dependence on the Russian Federation. The thesis analyses the German approach towards both their own energy policy and the policy of the Russian Federation and aims to contextualise this with data connected with Russian gas exports to Germany. The analysis shows that the Federal Republic of Germany ran its energy policy towards the Russian Federation independently of Russian policy actions and the wider criticism received from various German partners. The conclusion of the thesis is that the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany conclusively led to an increase in its dependence on the Russian Federation.
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Nord Stream Pipeline and its Meaning for European Gas Industry
Moravcová, Iveta ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis lays emphasis on the North Stream pipeline and its consequences to European gas market. For this reason, first part of theses analyses its legislation and legal framework, including relevant historic elements. It also concerns to liberalization and infrastructure problems. This part enables reader to obtain reference scope and better understanding on legal and political influences related to gas industry. Second chapter provides market breakdown in accordance with registered values: it takes into consideration demand, consumption, supplies and new market trend elements. The most of its part describes import and suppliers relation that provides full view on the most important supplier Russia - fully dedicated in following chapter, which is necessary for understanding of Russia itself and it possibilities resulting also in its attitudes. The theses also deals with influence of Russian domestic consumption and planned supplies for Asia and EU, EU countries dependence on Russian's gas supplies, the 2006 and 2009 gas crisis between Russia and Ukraine and also relates to general causes and implications for EU countries energy security threat. The third part relates directly to the Nord Stream pipeline itself, to its history, Nord Stream consortium shareholders and especially to...
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Political and Economic Reasons for Energy Cooperation between the EU and Russia
Evgrafova, Elena ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
In this paper I investigate the energy cooperation between the EU and Russia from the political and economic points of view. The relevance of the issue is due to the growing role of energy sector, the need for security of energy supply and demand and for political and economic balance of power in the region, and closer economic integration. Two theoretical approaches, geopolitical and bureaucratic, guiding the research, explain the behavior of protagonists. To better understand the present level of cooperation I analyze the background and dynamics of EU - Russia energy trade relations. As a case study, I investigate the Nord Stream project as an example of successful cooperation of Germany as an EU member state and Russia in this field. I discuss challenges for the healthy mutual partnership in the energy sector, namely, high politicization of the issue, monopolization of Russian energy sector and low sustainability of Russian economic development, and mistrust between the protagonists. I attempt to identify possible policy changes aimed to improve this cooperation and achieve fruitful partnership, security and stability. Key words: Russia, EU, energy, cooperation, Realpolitik, international relations, oil, gas, energy dialogue, ECT, security, balance of power, geopolitics, interest groups,...
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Emergence of the Common Energy Policy of the EU in the context of EU-Russia Energy Cooperation
Radová, Ivana ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Binhack, Petr (referee)
This master thesis The emergence of the Common energy policy of the EU in the context of the EU-Russia energy cooperation aims to answer the question of whether Russia with its aggressive energy policy (gas crisis, gas pipeline projects) stands behind the EU's inability to advance a strong Common energy policy despite all its efforts. By analysing the member states' behaviour in relation to the key development in the energy field, we will be able to assess Russia's influence. The thesis will then demonstrate that it is the divergent national policies of the member states that stand behind the EU's inability to push forward a Common energy policy. The member states, in the pursuit of the maximization of benefits, support the Common energy policy only if it aligns with their national interests. The categorization of the member states based on their dependence on Russian gas and the size of their gas markets in relation to Russian gas exports will provide broadly representative conclusions about the member states behaviour towards the Common energy policy based on these two variables.
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The process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Case study: the relations between FRG and Poland during the rule of the first Law and Justice party (2005-2007)
Nováková, Tereza ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kochnowski, Roman (referee)
The thesis deals with the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Lily Gardner Feldman's invented a concept which defines the prerequisites for the reconciliation process. In her concept she defines four essential pillars of the reconciliation process - history, leadership, institutions and international context. Although Polish-German relations have undergone a long development and both sides have built up a stable and firm mutual relationship, it is possible to see changes within the four categories mentioned. The aim of this thesis is to outline the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945 and capture the qualitative changes in mutual relations during the first rule of the Law and Justice party between 2005 and 2007, which represented a critical point in Polish-German relations and a change in the Polish foreign policy towards Germany since 1989. In the first part the thesis discusses the development of the Polish-German relations until the end of the 1990s, and in the second part of the thesis, the concept is applied to the Law and Justice party government's "critical" period (2005-2007), focusing on the four categories mentioned and on the most discussed topics. In the final part of the thesis there follows an evaluation of the validity of the used...
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Implementation of Nord Stream construction - Stabilizing factor of German's Power Industry Sonderweg?
Kushnir, Leonid ; Mynaříková, Romana (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
The continuously decreasing amount of mineral resources and its future is becoming an omnipresent topic in the EU. The key is to obtain good terms of resource import. Agreement signed by the Russian president Vladimir Putin and the German chancellor Gerhard Schröder considering the construction of the Nordstream gas pipeline, leading from Russian Wyborg to German Greifswald, shattered the EU's concept of energetic policy meaning the EU energetic security. Even though the energetic concept puts emphasis on diminishing the reliance on Russian gas import into EU, Germany took its own direction. In these times when the demand for gas import is steadily increasing, every country is trying to have good relations with Russia and secure themselves a stable supply of gas. Germany, thanks to its successful long-term cooperation with Russia, is able to avoid a possible future gas crisis that might be caused by the transit countries. The gas pipeline's direct connection to the Russian gas reserves ensured the coverage of Germany's demand but in the time of need (crisis) even help out neighbouring countries inside the EU. Not only is the European energetic concept going through series of changes, but even the Russian side must react to the increasing gas demand. The extensive researches, searching for new gas...
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Selected Geopolitical Aspects of the EU's Energy Security
Lang, Petr ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Hnízdo, Bořivoj (referee)
This thesis deals with the geopolitical aspects resulting from the increasing EU dependence on natural gas imports from the external suppliers. In addition to the investigation into he current situation of the EU market with natural gas, nature of major suppliers is explored, the thesis tries to identify the main risks to the security of supplies, especially the possibility of politically motivated supply disruption. From a broader perspective, it scrutinizes whether the natural gas market is driven by the market-based principles and regulated by international organizations (Market and Institutions scenario) or the bilateral relations between producer and consumer are the decisive factor (Regions and Empires scenario). Furthermore, the analysis of relevant documents issued by the EU institutions is also included and the thesis aims to assess the feasibility of the single 2 European external energy policy. Finally, the thesis includes two case-studies: the first one is dealing with energy relations between Russia and Belarus and Ukraine. The second one is dedicated to the Nord Stream gas pipeline project.
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The importance of Nord Stream project in context of hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine
Martinek, Igor ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The bachelor's thesis deals with the construction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, which can be described as an important part of the energy tool of the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine. This project, which aims to connect Russia with Germany, has sparked a wide- ranging debate on energy security in Europe. We can assume that Nord Stream is not only an economic project that should reduce the cost of natural gas transit and diversify existing routes, but also a political project that may have the effect of changing the mutual position of Russia and Ukraine. Russia has used natural gas several times to pursue its political goals, and in the context of the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine, the pipeline can bring Russia a number of benefits. The work is based on historical cases of the use of natural gas for political purposes before and after the beginning of the hybrid war between these countries. The work outlined both the aggression by Russia and the current security situation in Ukraine.
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Germany as "dividual actor" on the case of Nord Stream project
Bundová, Klára ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Handl, Vladimír (referee)
This Master thesis examines the German foreign energy policy with focus on the German- Russian energy cooperation and the pipeline projects Nord Stream I and II. It seeks to analyze inconsistencies or even contradictions in the German foreign policy regarding the Nord Stream project. Both strategic and business interests on one hand and value based policy on the other are present and observable. Therefore this paper works with Jakub Eberle's concept of Germany as "dividual actor" which enables us to work with the already mentioned inconsistencies. Furthermore, this approach allows us to observe "geo-economic power" aspects in German actions (favoring strategic and mostly business interests) as well as "civilian power" aspects (value based policy) and eventually to see Germany as an actor in the international relations in its complexity. This thesis therefore aims to contribute to a broader debate about German actorness and its roles in international system. Moreover, German domestic energy policy will be analyzed in order to provide us with the basis for German foreign energy policy. The main focus of this paper is on natural gas and its importance in the German energy mix as well as on German dependence on its imports. The import routes and primarily the pipeline routes Nord Stream I and II are...
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The process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Case study: the relations between FRG and Poland during the rule of the first Law and Justice party (2005-2007)
Nováková, Tereza ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kochnowski, Roman (referee)
The thesis deals with the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Lily Gardner Feldman's invented a concept which defines the prerequisites for the reconciliation process. In her concept she defines four essential pillars of the reconciliation process - history, leadership, institutions and international context. Although Polish-German relations have undergone a long development and both sides have built up a stable and firm mutual relationship, it is possible to see changes within the four categories mentioned. The aim of this thesis is to outline the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945 and capture the qualitative changes in mutual relations during the first rule of the Law and Justice party between 2005 and 2007, which represented a critical point in Polish-German relations and a change in the Polish foreign policy towards Germany since 1989. In the first part the thesis discusses the development of the Polish-German relations until the end of the 1990s, and in the second part of the thesis, the concept is applied to the Law and Justice party government's "critical" period (2005-2007), focusing on the four categories mentioned and on the most discussed topics. In the final part of the thesis there follows an evaluation of the validity of the used...
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